Apparatus and method of image capture for facial recognition

ABSTRACT

An image capture apparatus includes a first imaging device operable to capture an image feedback image. A generator generates a feedback image from a captured image for output to a display. A facial recognition unit operates to determine the position of a face within the feedback image. An image corruptor operates to corrupt the feedback image with respect to the position of a face within the feedback image as determined by the facial recognition unit. An image capture initiator operates to initiate the capture of an output image subsequent to corruption of the feedback image.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to an apparatus and method of image capture.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In the field of photography, and more generally of image capture, it isoften desirable for the subject of the photograph or image to besmiling. However, particularly in the case of children, the presence ofthe camera and an unknown camera operator can be intimidating ordistracting. This can make it difficult to capture a natural andspontaneous smile or laugh from the child.

In U.S. Pat. No. 5,986,718 (Barwacz et. al.) a photo-booth uses achromakey system to replace the background in the taken photo with anovelty backdrop, to give the subject the appearance of being in someexotic location or accompanied by a celebrity. Whilst this may addenjoyment to the photography process, it does not solve the problem ofencouraging a natural and spontaneous smile or laugh from the subjectwhen the photograph was taken.

It is an object of the present invention to seek to mitigate oralleviate the above problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a first aspect, an image capture apparatus comprises a first imagingdevice operable to capture an image feedback image, a generator forgenerating a feedback image from a captured image for output to adisplay, a facial recognition unit operable to determine the position ofa face within the feedback image, an image corruptor operable to corruptthe feedback image with respect to the position of a face within thefeedback image as determined by the facial recognition unit, and animage capture initiator operable to initiate the capture of an outputimage subsequent to corruption of the feedback image.

In a second aspect, a method of image capture comprises the steps ofcapturing an image using a first imaging device, generating a feedbackimage from the captured image for output to a display, detecting theposition of a face within the feedback image, corrupting the feedbackimage with respect to the detected position of a face within thefeedback image, and subsequently initiating the capture of an outputimage.

Advantageously, by corrupting the feedback image, for example in anunusual and/or amusing way, such that for example the subject of thephotograph unexpectedly sees a novelty hat or reindeer antlersassociated with their face, the subject is likely to smile or laughunselfconsciously in response, thereby enabling the capture of an outputimage that remains uncorrupted and which captures their naturalresponse.

Further respective aspects and features of the invention are defined inthe appended claims, including but not limited to the following.

In embodiments of the present invention, a graphic image element storagemeans is provided, the graphic image element storage means beingaccessible by the image corruption means, and the image corruption meansbeing operable to access one or more graphic image elements from thegraphic image element storage means, and corrupt the feedback image bythe inclusion of the one or more graphic image elements within thefeedback image, wherein the image corruption means is responsive to theposition of a face within the feedback image as determined by the facialrecognition means to position the one or more included graphic imageelements within the feedback image.

Advantageously, therefore, the image corruption features (e.g. thenovelty hat or antlers) can be positioned appropriately with respect tothe person's face, and in the case of a video feedback image, can trackmovements of the persons face by constant, periodic or other update fromthe facial recognition means.

In embodiments of the present invention, the first imaging meanscomprises auto-focus means, and the image corruption means is responsiveto the auto-focus means to initiate corruption of the feedback image.

Partially depressing the shutter button on many cameras activates thecamera's auto-focus. Therefore, advantageously, by making the imagecorruption means responsive to the auto-focus means, a photographer forexample can compose a shot and partially depress the shutter button on acamera acting as the first imaging means. Successful focussing on thesubject by the auto-focus can then trigger the corruption of thefeedback image, engendering a smile in the subject that either thecamera itself or the photographer can immediately capture.

In embodiments of the present invention, the facial recognition means isoperable to detect a smiling face, and the capture initiation means isoperable to initiate the capture of an output image when a smiling faceis detected by the facial recognition means.

Advantageously, this enables the automatic capture of the output imagewhen the subject smiles in response to the corruption of the feedbackimage.

In embodiments of the present invention, the image capture apparatuscomprises a second imaging means, and the capture initiation means isoperable to initiate the capture of an output image by the secondimaging means.

Advantageously, this allows the use of a third party imaging means thatmay, for example, have a better resolution or optics than the firstimaging means, and in the case of a film-based camera may not itselfgenerate an image data signal.

In embodiments of the present invention, the image capture apparatuscomprises a display means for displaying the corrupted feedback imageand a one-way mirror, the display means being operable to project thefeedback image onto the one-way mirror placed in front of that imagingmeans used to capture the output image.

Advantageously, this encourages the subject to look directly at theimaging means when the output image is captured.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the inventionwill be apparent from the following detailed description of illustrativeembodiments which is to be read in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an image capture device in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an image capture device in accordancewith another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a facial detection trainingphase in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a facial detection phase inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an image capture device in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an image capture device in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method of image capture in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 8 a to 8 c are schematic diagrams of feedback images and an outputimage in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to FIG. 1, in an image capture apparatus 100 a accordingto an embodiment of the present invention, an imaging means 10 such as adigital camera, video camera, WebCam, Eye Toy® camera or similar imagecapture device is operable to capture images of a subject 1 and supplythem to a general purpose computer 20, such as a personal computer (PC),or a Sony® PlayStation 2® entertainment machine, PlayStation 3®entertainment machine or PlayStation Portable® entertainment machine.

The computer 20 in turn comprises—as either software, hardware, or acombination of both—feedback image generation means 22, feedback imagecorruption means 24 and image capture initiation means 26.

The feedback image generation means 22 takes a signal from the imagingmeans 10 and formats it in a manner suitable for display on a displaymeans 30 such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), thereby providingfeedback about the captured image to the subject of the image, forexample a child.

The feedback image corruption means 24 is arranged to take the output ofthe feedback image generation means and to corrupt the feedback imageprior to display on the display means 30.

The corruption may take the form of superposing predefined static oranimated graphic image elements over the feedback image; for example, byplacing a Santa Claus or other novelty hat or antlers on the head of theperson in the feedback image, or any other image elements likely tocause a humorous response in the subject. Such image elements may berecovered by the image corruption means from a graphic image elementstore (not shown) and placed or included in the image to be corruptedaccording to face recognition information (see below), e.g. so that thecorruption can be aligned with a face in the image. Alternatively thecorruption may take the form of an animated or static deformation of thefeedback image; for example making the image appear to bulge in and out,and/or undergo a solarisation or other colour manipulation process.Optionally the corruption may be accompanied by a sound via aloudspeaker (not shown) associated with the display means 30.

Typically, some or all of the feedback image generation means 22 and thefeedback image corruption means 24 are combined in the form of anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or suitable controlsoftware together with programmable graphics hardware, to acquire thecaptured image from the imaging means 10, apply corruption to thecaptured image, and output the result to the display means 30.

Image capture for the purpose of generating feedback images may resultin a single still image, a periodic succession of still images, or avideo image. Consequently, when initiated, image corruption may beapplied once, successively, or continuously as appropriate.

The image capture initiation means 26 is operable to initiate thecapture of an output image, intended as the output product of the imagecapture apparatus 100, i.e. as a photograph, or a graphic image for usein a game or as an avatar for a player.

This output image may be captured by the same imaging means 10 used togenerate the feedback image, either as a separate, additional capture,or as a feed from the feedback image generation means 22 prior tocorruption by the feedback image corruption means.

Alternatively, and referring now also to FIG. 2, in an image captureapparatus 100 b according to an embodiment of the present invention, itmay be captured by a second imaging means 12 under the control of theimage capture initiation means 26. In this case, the first imaging meansmay therefore be a relatively cheap device, such as a web-cam built intoa laptop computer (the laptop operating as the computer 20), whilst thesecond imaging means may be a more expensive device able to deliverhigher-quality images.

In either case, the resolution of the output image may be the same asthat used to generate the feedback image, or may be of a lower or (moretypically) higher resolution. In the case of the second imaging means,it will be appreciated that this second imaging means may optionally bea traditional camera using photographic film. It will also beappreciated that a ‘final’ image does not preclude the taking of furtherimages, but is simply a term for an end product of the image captureapparatus.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the image capture initiationmeans comprises a shutter button on the image capture means.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the image capture initiationmeans 26 comprises a timer operable to start when the feedback image isfirst corrupted. The timer continues until a predetermined duration haselapsed, at which point capture of the output image is initiated. Thepredetermined duration is empirically determined to be a typicalreaction time to the corruption used, such that there is a highlikelihood that the subject is smiling or laughing in reaction to thecorruption at that point in time. Optionally, different predetermineddurations may be used for different corruption schemes. Moreover, aseries of images may be captured at different respective times after thefeedback image is first corrupted, the capture times being controlled bythe image capture initiation means.

It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that thecorruption of the feedback image may itself be initiated by thephotographer when they consider the person or persons whose picture isbeing taken to be ready. Alternatively or in addition it may beinitiated by a self timer, or by an event in software of the computer,such as a flag indicating that a previous photo has been stored and thecomputer is ready to process another.

Alternatively or in addition, the corruption of the feedback image maybe initiated by the image capture means (i.e. camera), for example whenthe camera's auto-focus indicates that the subject is in focus.Typically such auto-focus systems are in turn themselves activated whenthe photographer partially depresses the shutter button on the camera.In the event that the auto-focus system itself uses facial-recognitionmeans to identify the subject of focus, optionally this may be combinedwith the facial recognition means referred to herein. It will beunderstood that the relevant auto-focus is that of the imaging meansthat will capture the output image, although optionally the imagecorruption means may be responsive to successful focussing only by bothimaging means if two are used.

Similarly, to entice a natural smile or laughter response over asuccession of photographs, it will be appreciated that optionally thecorruption may be one of several successively or randomly chosen from aselection of possible corruptions. For example, a variety of graphicimage elements may be available for selection, such as a clown nose,party hat, so-called ‘Groucho Marx’ glasses, donkey ears or a humorouswig. One or more may be used for each corruption.

To facilitate placement of these graphic image elements, in anembodiment of the present invention the image corruption means utilisesa facial recognition means 28 to determine the location of at least afirst subject in the feedback image for the purposes of placement ofgraphic image elements. In an embodiment of the present invention, thefacial recognition means 28 implements a facial detection algorithm asdescribed below.

Many suitable human-face detection algorithms have been proposed in theliterature, including the use of so-called eigenfaces, face templatematching, deformable template matching or neural network classification.

One face detection algorithm is disclosed in PCT/GB2003/005186, andreference is made to that application for fuller details of thetechnical features summarised here. Features disclosed inPCT/GB2003/005186 which are not explicitly referred to in the followingsummary description should still be considered as (at least optional)features of the present facial recognition means.

The present embodiment uses a face detection technique arranged as twophases. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a training phase, andFIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection phase.

Unlike some previously proposed face detection methods, the presentmethod is based on modelling the face in parts instead of as a whole.The parts can either be blocks centred over the assumed positions of thefacial features (so-called “selective sampling”) or blocks sampled atregular intervals over the face (so-called “regular sampling”). Thepresent description will cover primarily regular sampling, as this wasfound in empirical tests to give the better results.

In the training phase, an analysis process is applied to a set of imagesknown to contain faces, and (optionally) another set of images (“nonfaceimages”) known not to contain faces. The process can be repeated formultiple training sets of face data, representing different views (e.g.frontal, left side, right side) of faces. The analysis process builds amathematical model of facial and nonfacial features, against which atest image can later be compared (in the detection phase).

So, to build the mathematical model (the training process 310 of FIG.3), the basic steps are as follows:

i. From a set 300 of face images normalised to have the same eyepositions, each face is sampled regularly into small blocks.

ii. Attributes are calculated for each block;

iii. The attributes are quantised to a manageable number of differentvalues.

iv. The quantised attributes are then combined to generate a singlequantised value in respect of that block position.

v. The single quantised value is then recorded as an entry in ahistogram. The collective histogram information 320 in respect of all ofthe block positions in all of the training images forms the foundationof the mathematical model of the facial features.

One such histogram is prepared for each possible block position, byrepeating the above steps in respect of a large number of test faceimages. So, in a system which uses an array of 8×8 blocks, 64 histogramsare prepared. In a later part of the processing, a test quantisedattribute is compared with the histogram data; the fact that a wholehistogram is used to model the data means that no assumptions have to bemade about whether it follows a parameterised distribution, e.g.Gaussian or otherwise. To save data storage space (if needed),histograms which are similar can be merged so that the same histogramcan be reused for different block positions.

Such histograms may be generated prior to manufacture of the facialdetection means, and pre-stored in a manner accessible by the facialdetection means for the purposes of detection within the feedback image.

In the detection phase, to apply the face detector to a test image 350(such as the feedback image), successive windows in the test image areprocessed 340 as follows:

vi. The window is sampled regularly as a series of blocks, andattributes in respect of each block are calculated and quantised as instages 1-4 above.

vii. Corresponding “probabilities” for the quantised attribute valuesfor each block position are looked up from the corresponding histograms.That is to say, for each block position, a respective quantisedattribute is generated and is compared with a histogram previouslygenerated in respect of that block position (or with multiple histogramsin the case of multiple training sets representing different views). Theway in which the histograms give rise to “probability” data will bedescribed below.

viii. All the probabilities obtained above are multiplied together toform a final probability which is compared against a threshold in orderto classify the window as “face” or “nonface”. It will be appreciatedthat the detection result of “face” or “nonface” is a probability-basedmeasure rather than an absolute detection. Sometimes, an image notcontaining a face may be wrongly detected as “face”, a so-called falsepositive. At other times, an image containing a face may be wronglydetected as “nonface”, a so-called false negative. It is an aim of anyface detection system to reduce the proportion of false positives andthe proportion of false negatives, but it is of course understood thatto reduce these proportions to zero is difficult, if not impossible,with current technology.

As mentioned above, in the training phase, a set of “nonface” images canbe used to generate a corresponding set of “nonface” histograms. Then,to achieve detection of a face, the “probability” produced from thenonface histograms may be compared with a separate threshold, so thatthe probability has to be under the threshold for the test window tocontain a face. Alternatively, the ratio of the face probability to thenonface probability could be compared with a threshold.

Extra training data may be generated by applying “synthetic variations”330 to the original training set, such as variations in position,orientation, size, aspect ratio, background scenery, lighting intensityand frequency content.

Faces are located within the captured image by applying the facialdetection test centred within test windows, the test windows typicallybeing sub-regions of the image. By positioning test windows across theimage, the position of detected faces can be determined. The size of aface can be determined from the size of the test window giving thehighest probability score at that image position.

The facial detection means can therefore provide information regardingthe position and size of a face in the feedback image to the feedbackimage corruption means, allowing suitable placement and scaling ofselected graphic image elements on or around the face and head of thesubject.

In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention the training andclassification sets for faces are split into ‘smiling’ and ‘non-smiling’faces, allowing the facial detection means to determine when a subjectof the feedback image is smiling or laughing. When the subject isdetermined to be smiling or laughing, this information is provided tothe image capture initiation means, in order to automatically initiatecapture an output image when a subject of the photograph smiles.Optionally, a further small delay may be included to improve theprobability of a full smile.

It will be appreciated that, in a similar way to the combination of thefeedback image generation means 22 and the feedback image corruptionmeans 24 noted previously, some or all of the facial detection means 28can optionally be combined with the feedback image generation means 22,the feedback image corruption means 24, or both, for example in the formof an ASIC or a combination of software and programmable graphicshardware. Moreover, as noted previously, in embodiments of the presentinvention the image capture initiation means 26 is responsive to eventsfrom the feedback image corruption means 24 or the facial detectionmeans 28. Consequently some or all of the image capture initiation means26 may likewise be combined with either of these means, and thus in turnwith the feedback image generation means 22 in likewise fashion.

Referring now to FIGS. 5 and 6, in an embodiment of the presentinvention the feedback image is placed as close as practical to theimaging means used to capture the output image. This is because thesubject of the photograph is likely to be looking at the feedback imagewhen the output image is captured, whereas it is desirable for them tobe looking as closely toward the imaging means as possible.

In FIG. 5, in an image capture apparatus 100 c according to anembodiment of the present invention a display means 30 a projects thefeedback image onto a one-way mirror 30 b, arranged in from of theimaging means 10, so that the subject is effectively staring directly atthe imaging means as they look at the feedback image. The projector andthe one-way, or so-called ‘transparent’, mirror arrangement is thereforesimilar to that of an autocue or teleprompt. The display means andmirror may be a single unit, and in turn may be fixed to or integralwith the imaging means 10. It will of course be appreciated that theterm “one-way” does not necessarily imply exactly 100% transmission inone direction and exactly 0% (or exactly 100% reflection) in another,but rather a practical arrangement which generally favours transmissionin one direction and reflection in another.

Referring now to FIG. 6, in an image capture apparatus 100 d accordingto an embodiment of the present invention an imaging means 10 acomprises a computer 20 a operable as described previously and operableto receive input from the charge coupled device 10 b of the imagingmeans 10 a. In this embodiment, optionally the display means 30 c isintegral or attachable to the imaging means 10 a, and may be fixed withrespect to the lens of the imaging means, or be rotatable, slidable orotherwise deployed to face the subject when required.

Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8, a method of image capture comprises:

in a first step, capturing (s10) an image using a first imaging means;

in a second step, generating (s20) a feedback image from the capturedimage for output to a display;

in a third step, detecting (s30) the position of a face within thefeedback image;

in a fourth step, intentionally corrupting (s40) the feedback imageresponsive to the detected position of a face within the feedback image;and

in a fifth step, subsequently initiating (s50) the capture of an outputimage.

FIGS. 8 a to 8 c illustrates the second (s20), fourth (s40) and fifth(s50) steps in terms of the images obtained;

In FIG. 8 a, an image has been captured of the subject showing a neutralexpression, and used to generate the feedback image shown.

In FIG. 8 b, the feedback image is corrupted, here by positioning agraphic image element resembling antlers on the head of the subject, whois shown smiling in response.

FIG. 8 c shows an output image captured for output as the end product ofthe process which is notably not corrupted, thereby providing a cleanimage of the subject whilst smiling.

It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that variations inthe above method corresponding to operation of the various embodimentsof the apparatus disclosed above are considered within the scope of thepresent invention, including but not limited to:

-   -   that the initiation of the capture of the output image may be by        an timer dependent upon the point at which the feedback image is        corrupted;    -   that the initiation of the capture of the output image may be        controlled by a face recognition process operable to detect a        smiling face;    -   that the feedback image corruption may comprise static or        animated graphic image elements superposed on the feedback        image, or transformations of the feedback image, or both;    -   that the feedback image corruption may be initiated by a        photographer, a timer, a computer program event or the achieving        of auto-focus or appropriate combinations of any of these.

It will be appreciated that in embodiments of the present invention,elements of the method of image capture may be implemented in thecomputer, imaging means or display means in any suitable manner,including that the computer and imaging means may be a single unit, orthat the computer, imaging means and display means are a single unit.

As noted previously, feedback image generation means 22, feedback imagecorruption means 24 and image capture initiation means 26 may beimplemented in either hardware or software, and moreover may beimplemented in suitably adapted imaging means, display means or computerin any suitable combination.

Thus adapting existing parts of a conventional equivalent may comprisefor example reprogramming one or more processors therein. As such therequired adaptation may be augmented in the form of a computer programproduct comprising processor implementable instructions stored on a datacarrier such as a floppy disk, optical disk, hard disk, PROM, RAM, flashmemory or any combination of these or other storage media, ortransmitted via data signals on a network such as an Ethernet, awireless network, the Internet, or any combination of these or othernetworks.

Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been describedin detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is tobe understood that the invention is not limited to those preciseembodiments, and that various changes and modifications can be effectedtherein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope andspirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

We claim:
 1. An image capture apparatus, comprising: a display; a firstimaging device operable to capture a first image; a feedback imagegenerator for generating a feedback image from said first image; afacial recognition unit operable to determine a position of a facewithin said feedback image; an image corruptor operable to corrupt saidfeedback image with respect to said position of a face within saidfeedback image as determined by said facial recognition unit to generatea corrupted feedback image for output to said display; and an imagecapture initiator operable to initiate capture of a second image by saidfirst imaging device or a second imaging device subsequent to corruptionof said feedback image and said display of said corrupted feedbackimage; in which: said display is integral with that one of said firstimaging device and said second imaging device which is used to capturesaid second image; and said second image is not corrupted by said imagecorruptor.
 2. The image capture apparatus according to claim 1, furthercomprising: a graphic image element store, said graphic image elementstore being accessible by said image corruptor; and said image corruptorbeing operable to: access one or more graphic image elements from saidgraphic image element store; and corrupt said feedback image by theinclusion of said one or more graphic image elements within saidfeedback image.
 3. The image capture apparatus according to claim 2,wherein said image corruptor is responsive to said position of a facewithin said feedback image as determined by said facial recognition unitto position said one or more included graphic image elements within saidfeedback image.
 4. The image capture apparatus according to claim 1,wherein said first imaging device comprises: an auto-focus arrangement,wherein said image corruptor is responsive to said auto-focusarrangement to initiate corruption of said feedback image.
 5. The imagecapture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, said facial recognitionunit is operable to detect a smiling face, and said capture initiator isoperable to initiate said capture of an output image in response to adetection of a smiling face by said facial recognition unit.
 6. Theimage capture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said image captureinitiator comprises: a timer arranged in operation to commence when saidimage corruptor first corrupts said feedback image, and to initiate saidcapture of an output image when said timer reaches a predeterminedduration.
 7. The image capture apparatus according to claim 1, furthercomprising: a second imaging device, wherein said image captureinitiator is operable to initiate said capture of an output image bysaid second imaging device.
 8. The image capture apparatus according toclaim 1, further comprising: a display for displaying said corruptedfeedback image.
 9. The image capture apparatus according to claim 8,further comprising: a one-way mirror, wherein said display is aprojector, said display being operable to project said feedback imageonto said one-way mirror placed in front of that imaging device used tocapture said output image.
 10. The image capture apparatus according toclaim 8, wherein said display is substantially adjacent to that imagingdevice used to capture said output image.
 11. A non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium having computer readable instructionsstored thereon that, when executed by a computer, cause said computer tooperate as an image capture apparatus according to claim
 1. 12. A methodof image capture, said method comprising: utilizing a display; capturinga first image using a first imaging device; generating by a dataprocessing device a feedback image from said first image; detecting bysaid data processing device a position of a face within said feedbackimage; corrupting by said data processing device said feedback imagewith respect to said detected position of a face within said feedbackimage to generate a corrupted feedback image for output to said display;and subsequently initiating capture of a second image by said firstimaging device or a second imaging device, subsequent to corruption ofsaid feedback image and said display of said corrupted feedback image;in which: said display is integral with that one of said first imagingdevice and said second imaging device which is used to capture saidsecond image; and said second image is not corrupted by said imagecorruptor.
 13. The method of image capture according to claim 12,wherein corrupting said feedback image comprises: the placement of oneor more graphic image elements within said feedback image.
 14. Themethod of image capture according to claim 13, further comprising:recognizing one or more faces in said feedback image; and determiningplacement of said one or more graphic image elements in relation to saidone or more recognized faces.
 15. The method of image capture accordingto claim 12, wherein, said detecting said position of a face within saidfeedback image comprises detecting whether said face is smiling, andsaid initiating said capture of an output image is responsive to whethera smiling face is so detected.
 16. The method of image capture accordingto claim 12, wherein said initiating said capture of an output imagecomprises: timing the duration from when said feedback image iscorrupted until a predetermined duration is reached; and subsequentlyinitiating capture of said output image.
 17. The method of image captureaccording to claim 12, further comprising: displaying said corruptedfeedback image.
 18. The method of image capture according to claim 17,wherein said displaying said corrupted feedback image comprises:projecting said feedback image onto a one-way mirror placed in front ofthat imaging device used to capture said output image.
 19. The method ofimage capture according to claim 17, wherein said displaying saidcorrupted feedback image comprises: displaying said feedback imagesubstantially adjacent to said imaging device used to capture saidoutput image.
 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumhaving computer readable instructions stored thereon that, when executedby a computer, cause said computer to carry out the method of claim 12.